Scala analysis: CD13_09_Iraq
Taqsîm, qânûn - Ensemble de Muhammad Al-Qubbbânjî (hijaz divan, khan abat, Iraq)
Generated by Scala: https://www.huygens-fokker.org/scala/
SHOW
0: 1/1 0.000000 unison, perfect prime 1: 83.061 cents 83.061084 2: 176.587 cents 176.587302 3: 365.961 cents 365.961364 4: 577.526 cents 577.525691 5: 659.842 cents 659.842128 6: 782.786 cents 782.786413 7: 855.452 cents 855.452402 8: 980.064 cents 980.063780 9: 1068.305 cents 1068.304706 10: 1200.000 cents 1200.000000
SHOW/INTERVAL
0: 131.6953 cents 131.6953 1: 83.0611 cents 83.0611 2: 93.5262 cents 93.5262 3: 189.3741 cents 189.3741 4: 211.5643 cents 211.5643 5: 82.3164 cents 82.3164 6: 122.9443 cents 122.9443 7: 72.6660 cents 72.6660 8: 124.6114 cents 124.6114 9: 88.2409 cents 88.2409 10: 131.6953 cents 131.6953
SHOW INTERVALS
Interval class, Number of incidences, Size: 1: 1 72.66599 cents 1: 1 82.31644 cents 1: 1 83.06108 cents 1: 1 88.24093 cents 1: 1 93.52622 cents 1: 1 122.94429 cents 1: 1 124.61138 cents 1: 1 131.69529 cents 1: 1 189.37406 cents 1: 1 211.56433 cents 2: 1 176.58730 cents 2: 1 195.61027 cents 2: 1 197.27737 cents 2: 1 205.26072 cents 2: 1 212.85230 cents 2: 1 214.75638 cents 2: 1 219.93622 cents 2: 1 282.90028 cents 2: 1 293.88076 cents 2: 1 400.93839 cents 3: 1 277.92671 cents 3: 1 285.51829 cents 3: 1 302.99730 cents 3: 1 308.28260 cents 3: 1 320.22165 cents 3: 1 344.54760 cents 3: 1 365.96136 cents 3: 1 416.82505 cents 3: 1 483.25483 cents 3: 1 494.46461 cents 4: 1 396.52352 cents 4: 1 402.53809 cents 4: 1 408.46258 cents 4: 1 417.21359 cents 4: 1 427.60868 cents 4: 1 489.49104 cents 4: 1 497.65666 cents 4: 1 576.78104 cents 4: 1 577.52569 cents 4: 1 606.19911 cents 5: 1 490.77901 cents 5: 1 500.27467 cents 5: 1 521.13490 cents 5: 1 540.15787 cents 5: 1 585.89758 cents 5: 1 614.10242 cents 5: 1 659.84213 cents 5: 1 678.86510 cents 5: 1 699.72533 cents 5: 1 709.22099 cents 6: 1 593.80089 cents 6: 1 622.47431 cents 6: 1 623.21896 cents 6: 1 702.34334 cents 6: 1 710.50896 cents 6: 1 772.39132 cents 6: 1 782.78641 cents 6: 1 791.53742 cents 6: 1 797.46191 cents 6: 1 803.47648 cents 7: 1 705.53539 cents 7: 1 716.74517 cents 7: 1 783.17495 cents 7: 1 834.03864 cents 7: 1 855.45240 cents 7: 1 879.77835 cents 7: 1 891.71740 cents 7: 1 897.00270 cents 7: 1 914.48171 cents 7: 1 922.07329 cents 8: 1 799.06161 cents 8: 1 906.11924 cents 8: 1 917.09972 cents 8: 1 980.06378 cents 8: 1 985.24362 cents 8: 1 987.14770 cents 8: 1 994.73928 cents 8: 1 1002.72263 cents 8: 1 1004.38973 cents 8: 1 1023.41270 cents 9: 1 988.43567 cents 9: 1 1010.62594 cents 9: 1 1068.30471 cents 9: 1 1075.38862 cents 9: 1 1077.05571 cents 9: 1 1106.47378 cents 9: 1 1111.75907 cents 9: 1 1116.93892 cents 9: 1 1117.68356 cents 9: 1 1127.33401 cents Highest number of different intervals for one interval class: 10 Average number of different intervals per interval class: 10.00000 = 10
SHOW/LINE/CENTS INTERVALS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.0 : 83.1 176.6 366.0 577.5 659.8 782.8 855.5 980.1 1068.3 1200.0 83.1 : 93.5 282.9 494.5 576.8 699.7 772.4 897.0 985.2 1116.9 1200.0 176.6 : 189.4 400.9 483.3 606.2 678.9 803.5 891.7 1023.4 1106.5 1200.0 366.0 : 211.6 293.9 416.8 489.5 614.1 702.3 834.0 917.1 1010.6 1200.0 577.5 : 82.3 205.3 277.9 402.5 490.8 622.5 705.5 799.1 988.4 1200.0 659.8 : 122.9 195.6 320.2 408.5 540.2 623.2 716.7 906.1 1117.7 1200.0 782.8 : 72.7 197.3 285.5 417.2 500.3 593.8 783.2 994.7 1077.1 1200.0 855.5 : 124.6 212.9 344.5 427.6 521.1 710.5 922.1 1004.4 1127.3 1200.0 980.1 : 88.2 219.9 303.0 396.5 585.9 797.5 879.8 1002.7 1075.4 1200.0 1068.3: 131.7 214.8 308.3 497.7 709.2 791.5 914.5 987.1 1111.8 1200.0 1200.0
SHOW/SPAN INTERVALS
Interval class, Interval span, Span size, Gap to prev. class: 1: 72.6660 .. 211.5643 cents 138.89834 cents 72.66599 cents 2: 176.5873 .. 400.9384 cents 224.35109 cents -34.97703 cents 3: 277.9267 .. 494.4646 cents 216.53790 cents -123.01168 cents 4: 396.5235 .. 606.1991 cents 209.67559 cents -97.94108 cents 5: 490.7790 .. 709.2210 cents 218.44197 cents -115.42010 cents 6: 593.8009 .. 803.4765 cents 209.67559 cents -115.42010 cents 7: 705.5354 .. 922.0733 cents 216.53790 cents -97.94108 cents 8: 799.0616 .. 1023.4127 cents 224.35109 cents -123.01168 cents 9: 988.4357 .. 1127.3340 cents 138.89834 cents -34.97703 cents
SHOW DATA
Number of notes : 10 -- Interval properties -- Smallest interval : 72.66599 cents, class 1 Average step (divided formal octave): 120.0000 cents Largest one step interval : 211.56433 cents Average / Smallest step : 1.651392 Largest / Average step : 1.763036 Largest / Smallest step : 2.911463 Median interval of one step : 108.23525 cents, amount: 0 Least squares average step : 122.81447 cents, oct.: 1228.14470 cents Scale is not proper Step pattern alph. order: ABCDEFGHIJ Step pattern size order : CEIJBFAGDH Scale is sum-free (all different intervals) Scale is a Constant Structure, by a margin of 0.38854 cents Scale diversity : 1.552911 Lumma stability : 0.121110 Lumma impropriety factor : 0.595084 Rothenberg efficiency : 0.200000 redundancy: 0.800000 Efficiency x scale size : 2.000000 Number of different interval sizes : 90 = 10.00000 / class Number of one step interval sizes : 10 Highest interval variety : 10 Mean interval variety : 10.00000 = 10 Median interval variety : 10 Lowest interval variety : 10 Smallest interval difference : 0.38854 cents Number of recognisable fifths : 6, average 707.3465 cents Number of appreciable fifths : 5, average 705.4668 cents Formal octave complements present : 1 = 10.0000% -- Rational properties --
FIT/MODE
10: 0 1 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 N SD: 43.5238 c. M: 83.0611 c. 11: 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 P M ME SD: 24.7796 c. M:-41.5945 c. 14: 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 N SD: 21.9928 c. M: 39.7333 c. 16: 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 N SD: 19.8782 c. M: 32.7864 c. 17: 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 N SD: 16.1647 c. M: 35.4108 c. 20: 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 2 2 N SD: 13.6748 c. M: 23.0611 c. 25: 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 3 N SD: 13.1383 c. M: 20.0638 c. 26: 2 2 4 5 1 3 2 2 2 3 N SD: 12.1679 c. M:-22.4743 c. 27: 2 2 4 5 2 3 1 3 2 3 N SD: 7.8466 c. M:-17.2136 c. 29: 2 2 5 5 2 3 2 3 2 3 N SD: 7.7063 c. M:-13.5131 c. 34: 2 3 5 6 3 3 2 4 2 4 N SD: 9.3378 c. M: 13.0202 c. 35: 2 3 6 6 2 4 2 4 2 4 N SD: 8.5385 c. M: 14.4897 c. 38: 3 3 6 6 3 4 2 4 3 4 N SD: 8.0484 c. M:-12.9860 c. 40: 3 3 6 7 3 4 3 4 3 4 N SD: 7.7904 c. M:-14.5476 c. 42: 3 3 7 7 3 4 3 4 3 5 N SD: 6.6258 c. M: 11.3578 c. 43: 3 3 7 8 3 4 3 4 3 5 N SD: 6.5806 c. M:-9.9253 c. 46: 3 4 7 8 3 5 3 5 3 5 N SD: 5.3761 c. M:-11.2406 c. 55: 4 4 9 9 4 6 3 6 4 6 N SD: 4.5937 c. M: 10.2530 c. 56: 4 4 9 10 4 6 3 6 4 6 N SD: 4.5085 c. M:-10.0707 c. 58: 4 5 9 10 4 6 3 6 5 6 N SD: 5.6678 c. M:-9.6196 c. 60: 4 5 9 11 4 6 4 6 4 7 N SD: 4.0015 c. M: 8.3047 c. 66: 5 5 10 12 4 7 4 7 5 7 N SD: 4.0649 c. M:-7.8480 c. 69: 5 5 11 12 5 7 4 7 5 8 N SD: 3.7534 c. M: 7.4351 c. 72: 5 6 11 13 5 7 4 8 5 8 N SD: 4.1205 c. M:-6.8245 c. 73: 5 6 11 13 5 8 4 8 5 8 N SD: 3.5485 c. M:-6.2547 c. 75: 5 6 12 13 5 8 4 8 6 8 N SD: 3.4372 c. M: 7.4524 c. 81: 6 6 13 14 6 8 5 8 6 9 N SD: 3.6002 c. M:-6.8245 c. 83: 6 6 13 15 6 8 5 9 6 9 N SD: 3.0579 c. M:-5.2181 c. 87: 6 7 14 15 6 9 5 9 7 9 N SD: 3.5601 c. M:-7.5574 c. 88: 6 7 14 15 6 9 6 9 6 10 N SD: 3.5572 c. M: 5.5137 c. 89: 6 7 14 16 6 9 5 10 6 10 N SD: 2.8300 c. M: 6.0142 c. 91: 6 7 15 16 6 9 6 9 7 10 N SD: 3.2233 c. M: 5.1587 c. 98: 7 7 16 17 7 10 6 10 7 11 N SD: 2.3325 c. M: 5.1587 c. 104: 7 8 17 18 7 11 6 11 8 11 N SD: 2.4989 c. M:-4.7722 c. 111: 8 8 18 19 8 11 7 12 8 12 N SD: 2.9553 c. M: 4.5527 c. 114: 8 9 18 20 8 11 7 12 9 12 N SD: 2.8078 c. M:-5.3795 c. 115: 8 9 18 20 8 12 7 12 8 13 N SD: 1.9186 c. M: 3.9569 c. 116: 8 9 18 21 8 12 7 12 8 13 N SD: 2.4634 c. M: 3.8924 c. 118: 8 9 19 21 8 12 7 12 9 13 N SD: 1.9695 c. M: 3.7926 c. 127: 9 10 20 22 9 13 8 13 9 14 N SD: 2.2676 c. M:-4.3901 c. 129: 9 10 20 23 9 13 8 13 10 14 N SD: 1.6351 c. M: 3.3196 c. 135: 9 11 21 24 9 14 8 14 10 15 N SD: 1.7358 c. M: 3.0611 c. 147: 10 12 23 26 10 15 9 15 11 16 N SD: 1.5559 c. M:-3.0045 c. 158: 11 12 25 28 11 16 10 16 12 17 N SD: 1.4661 c. M:-2.7754 c. 164: 11 13 26 29 11 17 10 17 12 18 N SD: 1.0091 c. M: 2.5733 c. 175: 12 14 27 31 12 18 11 18 13 19 N SD: 1.4458 c. M: 2.5328 c. 184: 13 14 29 33 12 19 11 19 14 20 N SD: 1.4013 c. M:-2.9091 c. 189: 13 15 30 33 13 19 12 19 14 21 N SD: 1.4617 c. M:-2.2926 c. 191: 13 15 30 34 13 20 11 20 14 21 N SD: 1.1252 c. M:-2.5539 c. 206: 14 16 33 36 14 21 13 21 15 23 N SD: 1.5077 c. M: 2.2853 c. 212: 15 16 34 37 15 21 13 22 16 23 N SD: 1.4357 c. M:-2.4220 c. 213: 15 16 34 38 14 22 13 22 16 23 N SD: 1.3925 c. M:-2.7560 c. 216: 15 17 34 38 15 22 13 22 16 24 N SD: 1.0900 c. M: 2.2860 c. 222: 15 18 35 39 15 23 13 23 17 24 N SD: 1.4225 c. M: 1.9800 c. 224: 16 17 35 40 15 23 14 23 16 25 N SD: 1.4199 c. M:-2.6532 c. 227: 16 17 36 40 16 23 14 23 17 25 N SD: 1.2879 c. M: 2.1380 c. 229: 16 18 36 40 16 23 14 24 17 25 N SD: 1.0691 c. M: 2.0004 c. 230: 16 18 36 41 16 23 14 24 17 25 N SD: 1.1795 c. M:-2.7666 c. 233: 16 18 37 41 16 24 14 24 17 26 N SD: 1.0514 c. M: 2.2103 c. 245: 17 19 39 43 17 25 15 25 18 27 N SD: 0.9109 c. M:-1.6905 c. 247: 17 19 39 44 17 25 15 26 18 27 N SD: 0.9626 c. M: 1.6885 c. 258: 18 20 41 45 18 26 16 27 19 28 N SD: 0.9813 c. M:-1.4805 c. 262: 18 21 41 46 18 27 16 27 19 29 N SD: 0.8687 c. M:-2.0387 c. 285: 20 22 45 50 20 29 17 30 21 31 N SD: 0.8024 c. M:-1.2105 c. 293: 20 23 46 52 20 30 18 30 22 32 N SD: 0.7964 c. M: 1.4562 c. 311: 22 24 49 55 21 32 19 32 23 34 N SD: 0.8876 c. M:-1.8264 c. 318: 22 25 50 56 22 32 20 33 23 35 N SD: 0.7915 c. M: 1.6543 c. 320: 22 25 51 56 22 33 19 33 24 35 N SD: 0.7667 c. M:-1.5386 c. 328: 23 25 52 58 22 34 20 34 24 36 N SD: 0.6884 c. M: 1.3055 c. 345: 24 27 54 61 24 35 21 36 25 38 N SD: 0.5829 c. M:-1.0274 c. 393: 27 31 62 69 27 40 24 41 29 43 N SD: 0.5246 c. M: 1.1070 c. 420: 29 33 66 74 29 43 25 44 31 46 N SD: 0.4499 c. M: 1.1667 c. 422: 29 33 67 74 29 43 26 44 31 46 N SD: 0.6228 c. M:-0.9789 c. 435: 30 34 69 76 30 45 26 45 32 48 N SD: 0.6164 c. M: 0.9740 c. 436: 30 34 69 77 30 44 27 45 32 48 N SD: 0.5420 c. M: 1.1350 c. 449: 31 35 71 79 31 46 27 47 33 49 N SD: 0.3934 c. M:-0.7825 c. 491: 34 38 78 86 34 50 30 51 36 54 N SD: 0.4394 c. M: 0.7436 c. 509: 35 40 80 90 35 52 31 53 37 56 N SD: 0.3770 c. M:-0.6828 c. 584: 40 46 92 103 40 60 35 61 43 64 N SD: 0.3711 c. M: 0.8693 c. 626: 43 49 99 110 43 64 38 65 46 69 N SD: 0.4729 c. M: 0.6778 c. 627: 43 49 99 111 43 64 38 65 46 69 N SD: 0.3984 c. M: 0.7644 c. 638: 44 50 101 112 44 65 39 66 47 70 N SD: 0.3430 c. M:-0.8098 c. 665: 46 52 105 117 46 68 40 69 49 73 N SD: 0.2773 c. M:-0.6090 c. 675: 47 52 107 119 46 69 41 70 50 74 N SD: 0.3893 c. M: 0.5873 c. 682: 47 53 108 120 47 70 41 71 50 75 N SD: 0.3020 c. M: 0.6342 c. 708: 49 55 112 125 48 73 43 73 52 78 N SD: 0.3612 c. M: 0.5201 c. 711: 49 56 112 125 49 73 43 74 52 78 N SD: 0.3404 c. M:-0.6279 c. 721: 50 56 114 127 49 74 44 75 53 79 N SD: 0.3255 c. M: 0.7575 c. 748: 52 58 118 132 51 77 45 78 55 82 N SD: 0.2460 c. M: 0.4838 c. 829: 57 65 131 146 57 85 50 86 61 91 N SD: 0.2333 c. M: 0.5520 c. 868: 60 68 137 153 59 89 53 90 64 95 N SD: 0.3029 c. M:-0.3981 c. 885: 61 69 140 156 61 90 54 92 65 97 N SD: 0.2818 c. M:-0.4969 c. 895: 62 70 141 158 61 92 54 93 66 98 N SD: 0.2161 c. M:-0.3959 c. 937: 65 73 148 165 64 96 57 97 69 103 N SD: 0.2214 c. M: 0.3413 c. 993: 69 77 157 175 68 102 60 103 73 109 N SD: 0.1700 c. M:-0.3226 c. 1128: 78 88 178 199 77 116 68 117 83 124 N SD: 0.1661 c. M: 0.2765 c. 1157: 80 90 183 204 79 119 70 120 85 127 N SD: 0.1732 c. M:-0.2732 c. 1184: 82 92 187 209 81 121 72 123 87 130 N SD: 0.1515 c. M: 0.3540 c. 1338: 93 104 211 236 92 137 81 139 98 147 N SD: 0.1764 c. M:-0.3470 c. 1358: 94 106 214 240 93 139 82 141 100 149 N SD: 0.1664 c. M:-0.3830 c. 1386: 96 108 219 244 95 142 84 144 102 152 N SD: 0.1057 c. M:-0.2724 c. 1413: 98 110 223 249 97 145 85 147 104 155 N SD: 0.1252 c. M: 0.2507 c. 1502: 104 117 237 265 103 154 91 156 110 165 N SD: 0.1270 c. M:-0.2292 c. 1577: 109 123 249 278 108 162 95 164 116 173 N SD: 0.1039 c. M:-0.2193 c. 1679: 116 131 265 296 115 172 102 174 124 184 N SD: 0.1282 c. M: 0.1948 c. 1706: 118 133 269 301 117 175 103 177 126 187 N SD: 0.1213 c. M: 0.2279 c. 1731: 120 135 273 305 119 177 105 180 127 190 N SD: 0.1102 c. M:-0.1891 c. 1833: 127 143 289 323 126 188 111 190 135 201 N SD: 0.1181 c. M:-0.1941 c. 1849: 128 144 292 326 127 189 112 192 136 203 N SD: 0.0862 c. M:-0.1903 c. 1895: 131 148 299 334 130 194 115 197 139 208 N SD: 0.0868 c. M:-0.2001 c. 1922: 133 150 303 339 132 197 116 200 141 211 N SD: 0.0941 c. M:-0.1651 c. 2024: 140 158 319 357 139 207 123 210 149 222 N SD: 0.0914 c. M: 0.1777 c. 2040: 141 159 322 360 140 209 123 212 150 224 N SD: 0.1148 c. M: 0.1583 c. 2051: 142 160 323 362 141 210 124 213 151 225 N SD: 0.1120 c. M: 0.2861 c. 2079: 144 162 328 367 142 213 126 216 153 228 N SD: 0.1000 c. M:-0.2521 c. 2122: 147 165 335 374 146 217 129 220 156 233 N SD: 0.1060 c. M:-0.1555 c. 2128: 147 166 336 375 146 218 129 221 156 234 N SD: 0.1096 c. M: 0.2596 c. 2177: 151 169 344 384 149 223 132 226 160 239 N SD: 0.1008 c. M: 0.1978 c. 2194: 152 171 346 387 150 225 133 228 161 241 N SD: 0.0989 c. M: 0.2250 c. 2197: 152 171 347 387 151 225 133 228 162 241 N SD: 0.1103 c. M: 0.1930 c. 2215: 153 173 350 390 152 227 134 230 163 243 N SD: 0.1045 c. M:-0.2689 c. 2257: 156 176 356 398 155 231 137 234 166 248 N SD: 0.1203 c. M: 0.1790 c. 2269: 157 177 358 400 156 232 138 235 167 249 N SD: 0.1060 c. M:-0.2550 c. 2298: 159 179 363 405 158 235 139 239 169 252 N SD: 0.0958 c. M:-0.2101 c. 2344: 162 183 370 413 161 240 142 243 173 257 N SD: 0.0924 c. M: 0.2003 c.
FIT/HARMONIC
1 x x x x x x x x x 2 S SD: 0.0000 cents 2 x x x x 3 x x x x 4 S SD: 21.0564 cents 3 x x x 4 x x 5 x x 6 S SD: 28.1913 cents 4 x x 5 x 6 x x 7 x 8 S SD: 12.0260 cents 5 x x 6:7 x 8 x 9 x 10 S SD: 14.0292 cents 6 x 7 x 8:9 x 10 x 11:12 S SD: 22.0077 cents 7 x 8:9:10 x 11 x 12:13:14 S SD: 15.3657 cents 8 x 9:10:11:12 x 13:14:15:16 S SD: 8.2620 cents 9 x 10:11 x 13:14:15:16:17:18 SD: 7.2899 cents 10 x 11:12:14:15:16 x 18:19:20 S SD: 11.6378 cents 11 x 12:14:15:16:17:18:19:20:22 S SD: 10.0712 cents 12 x 13:15:17:18:19:20:21:22:24 SD: 8.4368 cents 13:14 x 16:18:19:20:21:23:24:26 SD: 7.3762 cents 16:17:18:20:22:23:25:26:28:30:32 SD: 6.4609 cents 17:18:19:21:24:25:27:28:30:32:34 SD: 4.5531 cents 20:21:22:25:28:29:31:33:35:37:40 SD: 4.1214 cents 21:22:23:26:29:31:33:34:37:39:42 SD: 3.7529 cents 25:26:28:31:35:37:39:41:44:46:50 SD: 3.6978 cents 26:27:29:32:36:38:41:43:46:48:52 SD: 3.3174 cents 28:29:31:35:39:41:44:46:49:52:56 SD: 3.2880 cents 35:37:39:43:49:51:55:57:62:65:70 SD: 2.6501 cents 37:39:41:46:52:54:58:61:65:69:74 SD: 2.4625 cents 38:40:42:47:53:56:60:62:67:70:76 SD: 2.0626 cents 46:48:51:57:64:67:72:75:81:85:92 SD: 1.9850 cents 47:49:52:58:66:69:74:77:83:87:94 SD: 1.7003 cents 56:59:62:69:78:82:88:92:99:104:112 SD: 1.2525 cents 63:66:70:78:88:92:99:103:111:117:126 SD: 1.0261 cents 84:88:93:104:117:123:132:138:148:156:168 SD: 0.7988 cents 101:106:112:125:141:148:159:166:178:187:202 SD: 0.7310 cents 103:108:114:127:144:151:162:169:181:191:206 SD: 0.6889 cents 119:125:132:147:166:174:187:195:210:221:238 SD: 0.6418 cents 142:149:157:175:198:208:223:233:250:263:284 SD: 0.6167 cents 149:156:165:184:208:218:234:244:262:276:298 SD: 0.5343 cents 166:174:184:205:232:243:261:272:292:308:332 SD: 0.4351 cents 204:214:226:252:285:299:321:334:359:378:408 SD: 0.4131 cents 205:215:227:253:286:300:322:336:361:380:410 SD: 0.2503 cents 280:294:310:346:391:410:440:459:493:519:560 SD: 0.1842 cents 429:450:475:530:599:628:674:703:756:795:858 SD: 0.1305 cents 485:509:537:599:677:710:762:795:854:899:970 SD: 0.1158 cents